Anju Bobby George  Anju Bobby George, made history when she won the bronze medal in Long Jump at the World Athletics Championships 2003 in Paris. With this achievement, she became the first Indian athlete ever to win a medal in a World Athletics Championship clearing 6.70 m. Anju was born on April 19th, 1977 in Cheeranchira Kochuparambil family in Changanasseri, Kerala to parents K.T. Markos and Gracy. She was initiated into athletics by her father and her interest was further kindled by her trainer Mr. Thomas in Koruthode school. Koruthode School and graduated from Vimala College. In the School Athletic meet in 1991-92, she came first in 100 m hurdles and relay and second in long jump and high jump events and became the women's champion. Anju's talent was noticed in the national schools games where she won third place in 100 m hurdles and 4x100 m relay. She was the Calicut University Champion during her college days. Although she started with Heptathlon, she later began to concentrate on her jump events and went on to win long jump medal in the 1996 Delhi junior Asian championship. In 1999 Anju set the national record for triple jump in the Bangalore Federation Cup and Silver medal at the South Asian Federation Games in Nepal. In 2001 Anju bettered her own record in long jump to 6.74 m, her best till date in the National Circuit Meet at THIRUVANATHAPURAM in Kerala State. In the same year she also won gold for triple jump and long jump in the Ludhiana National games. Anju reigned supreme in her events in the Hyderabad National games also. Anju became the first women in India. win a bronze medal clearing 6.49 m at the Commonwealth Games at Manchester 2002. She also won the gold medal at the Busan Asian Games. She received the prestigious Arjuna ward (2003) for eminent sports persons from the government of India after her success in the World Athletic meet.
 Born into a badminton family in Haryana on March 17th, 1990, Saina has the initial advantage of having the game implanted in her genes. Both her father, Dr. Harvir Singh and mother Usha Rani were former State Badminton Champions in Haryana. The family being settled in Hyderabad, Saina started training for the game under Nani Prasad, the Badminton Coach at the Lal Bahadur Stadium in Hyderabad at the tender age of eight. Later in her career, Saina has trained under S.M. Arif, a Dronacharya Award winning Badminton Coach, and is now receiving Coaching at the Pullela Gopichand's Academy of Badminton at Hyderabad.
 Born to parents, father Imran Mirza a sports journalist and mother Nasima, it was Sania's father Imran who initiated her into the game and who has always encouraged her to be the best. She started practicing under CK Bhupati, India's top tennis player Mahesh Bhupati's father. She learnt the professional game at Sinnet Tennis Academy in Secunderabad before moving to Ace Tennis Academy in the USA. Now she is managed by Mahesh Bhupati's company Global Sports and has a specialist advisor Bob Brett who was Boris Becker's coach earlier. Sania played her first international tournament in 1999 when she represented India at the World Junior Championship at Jakarta. Mirza's big boost came in 2002 when Paes decided to take her as his mixed doubles partner at the Asian Games. The duo went on to claim the bronze medal. The rise has been steady since then. In 2003, Sania at 16years did India proud by becoming the youngest and first ever Indian to figure in the main draw of the girls' doubles junior Wimbledon tennis championship and winning the first Grand Slam Title.. Sania partnered 13-year-old Russian Alisa Kleybanova and defeated Katerina Bohmova of the Czech Republic and Michaela Krajicek of the Netherlands 3-6, 6-2, 6-3. It was after a long haul of 51 years that an Indian girl figured again in the final of a Grand Slam, the last being Rita Dabur, who had finished runner-up in the singles event in 1952. A winner of 21 International Tennis Federation (ITF) titles, Sania won over Petra Mandula of Hungary defeating her 6-2, 6-1 in the second round of the women's singles at the Australian Open Title. this victory, she has become the first Indian woman to reach the third round of a Grand Slam. Sania Mirza outlasted the Ukraine's Alonya Bondarenko to win the Open WTA tour event in her native town Hyderabad and became the youngest and first Indian woman to win a WTA Tour title. Sachin Tendulkar
Sachin tendulakr was born in April 24, 1973, in Mumbai. Young Sachin wanted to be a fast bowler. He even undertook trials at the MRF pace foundation, Chennai, but his short stature proved to be a hindrance for bowling. Meeting Mr. R. Achrekar, his Cricket Coach and changing his school to Shardashram Vidya Mandir in Dadar marked a turning point in Sachin Cricket Career. The pride of Sachin Tendulkar , was the first batsman to score 10,000 runs in one -day cricket, in a five-day match series against Austrlia on the 31st of March 2001. He has scored a world record, 28 hundreds and 50 half-centuries in his 10,000 runs. A perennial crowd-favorite. He is the only indian Cricketer to recieve the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna, India's highest sporting honour for his performance in 1997-98. Sachin at the age of 16, made his International debut in Odi's India v Pakistan at Gujranwala abd Tests debut India v Pakistan at Karachi around 1989/90. He then went to England as a part of the national team, and has not looked back ever since. He knows every shot in the book and makes his own omprovations. His shots have tremendous power and he times the ball perfectly, making him one of the best batsman in the world. He is also an effective bowler and also one of the best fielders. This all rounder has been the captian of the Indian Cricket team twice. On the personal front, sachin is god fearing and he is married to a doctor Anjali and they have a two children _ Sara and Arjun. In 1998 he won the coopers and Lybrand Award for Player of the year and he has been in the number one position in the Wisden Cricket Ratings. Viswanathan Anand
Viswanathan Anand well known as 'Vishy, the tiger from Chennai' is the first Asian to win the World Chess Championship title. He was born on December 11, 1969 in Chennai to Krishanamurthy Viswanathan and susheela. His father is a retired general manager, Railways. Anand completed his schooling from Don Bosco School and finished his B.com from Loyola College in Chennai. He started playing at the age of 6. He learned the game from his mother becuase his brothers did not have the patience to play chess with him. His parents encouraged him and used to take him to the Tal Chess club. Young Anand had an expectional memory power and an ability to grasp things fast which made him excel in Chess. He has won many titles even from a young age. Anand became India's sub-Junior Chess champion at 13 and at sixteen he became the National Champion. In 1987, he became the first Asian to win the World Junior Chess Championship at Baguio City, Philippnies and in 1988, at the age of eighteen, Anand became India's First Grandmaster. In 1992, he won the formidable Reggio Emilia tournament ahead of the Russian Grand masters Garry Kasprov and Anatoly Karpov. He was the runner up to Kasprov in world Championship final in 1995. He beat Kasprov in the rapid chess tournament in September 96 and Kasprov in june 97 in Hamburg Rapid Chess. Anand outplayed the most popular chess software programme, Fintz in july ,99. He won the titleon 24th December 2000, defeating Spain's Alexei Shirovyoungest at Teheran and became the first Asian to take the world title, But his victory was over shadowed by the chess world's two competing chess titles one by the International Federation of Chess and the Professional Association of Chess led by Kasprov. Anand married Aruna in 1996 and the supports him in his preparations for the tournaments. He live sin Collado Mediano in spain with Aruna. This genius , although he has achieved so much still remains simple in character. His Hobbies are reading, swimming and listening to music. Anand has also recieved many awards. Arjun Award for outstanding Indian Sportsman in 1985. Padma sri Award(1987), National Citizens Award and Soviet Land Nehru Award in 1987, Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award (1991-92), Padma Bhushan Award (2000), Chess Oscar 4 times (1997,98,2003,040 and so on. He wrote a book 'My Best Games of Chess' for which he got the british Chess Federation ' Book of the Year' Award in 1998. |
Wednesday, December 21, 2011
TOP FIVE SPORT PERSONALITIES IN INDIA
Tuesday, December 20, 2011
GAME OF BILLIARDS
Welcome to our library of billiard horrors. You will shutter to the real life accounts of the author as he loses focus during a match. Venture into the dark world of aging, and discover its effects on pool games. Know what to tell your league captain the next time he criticizes your shots. And if you can stomach these tales of horror, you just might get a few pointers on the physics of pool, or how to shoot top or bottom English without driving the cue ball into your opponents eye socket. It's all in fun, but with a serious side that I hope gets through.
Rules and regulations of Billiards game
1. TABLES, BALLS, EQUIPMENT. All games described in these rules are designed for tables, balls and equipment meeting the standards prescribed in the BCA Equipment Specifications .
2. RACKING THE BALLS. When racking the balls a triangle must be used, and the apex ball is to be spotted on the foot spot. All the balls must be lined up behind the apex ball and pressed together so that they all have contact with each other.
3. STRIKING CUE BALL. Legal shots require that the cue ball be struck only with the cue tip. Failure to meet this requirement is a foul.
4. LAG FOR BREAK. The following procedure is used for the lag for the opening break. Each player should use balls of equal size and weight (preferably cue balls but, when not available, non-striped object balls). With the balls in hand behind the head string, one player to the left and one to the right of the head spot, the balls are shot simultaneously to the foot cushion and back to the head end of the table. The player whose ball is the closest to the innermost edge of the head cushion wins the lag. The lagged ball must contact the foot cushion at least once. Other cushion contacts are immaterial, except as prohibited below.
It is an automatic loss of the lag if: (1) the ball crosses into the opponent's half of the table, (2) the ball fails to contact the foot cushion, (3) the ball drops into a pocket, (4) the ball jumps the table, (5) the ball touches the long cushion, (6) the ball rests within the corner pocket and past the nose of the head cushion, or (7) the ball contacts the foot rail more than once. If both players violate automatic-loss lag rules, or if the referee is unable to determine which ball is closer, the lag is a tie and is replayed.
5. OPENING BREAK SHOT. The opening break shot is determined by either lag or lot. (The lag for break procedure is required for tournament and other formal competition.) The player winning the lag or lot has the choice of performing the opening break shot or assigning it to the opponent.
6. CUE BALL ON OPENING BREAK. The opening break shot is taken with cue ball in hand behind the head string. The object balls are positioned according to specific game rules. On the opening break, the game is considered to have commenced once the cue ball has been struck by the cue tip and crosses the head string.
7. DEFLECTING THE CUE BALL ON THE GAMES OPENING BREAK. On the break shot, stopping or deflecting the cue ball after it has crossed the head string and prior to hitting the racked balls is considered a foul and loss of turn. The opponent has the option of receiving cue ball in hand behind the head string or passing the cue ball in hand behind the head string back to the offending player. (Exception: ball in hand on the whole table: see rule 1.3 for 9-Ball). A warning must be given that a second violation during the match will result in the loss of the match by forfeiture. (See Rule 28.)
8. CUE BALL IN HAND BEHIND THE HEAD STRING. This situation applies in specific games whereby the opening break is administered or a player's scratching is penalized by the incoming player having cue ball in hand behind the head string. The incoming player may place the cue ball anywhere behind the head string.
The shooting player may shoot at any object ball as long as the base of the object ball is on or below the head string. He may not shoot at any ball, the base of which is above the head string, unless he first shoots the cue ball below the head string and then by hitting a rail causes the cue ball to come back above the head string and hit the object ball. The base of the ball (the point of the ball touching the table) determines whether it is above or below the head string.
If the incoming player inadvertently places the cue ball on or below the head string, the referee or the opposing player must inform the shooting player of improper positioning of the cue ball before the shot is made. If the opposing player does not so inform the shooting player before the shot is made, the shot is considered legal. If the shooting player is informed of improper positioning, he must then reposition the cue ball. If a player positions the cue ball completely and obviously outside the kitchen and shoots the cue ball, it is a foul, if called by the opponent or referee.
When the cue ball is in hand behind the head string, it remains in hand (not in play) until the player drives the cue ball past the head string by striking it with his cue tip.
The cue ball may be ADJUSTED by the player's hand, cue, etc., so long as it remains in hand. Once the cue ball is in play per the above, it may not be impeded in any way by the player; to do so is to commit a foul.
9. POCKETED BALLS. A ball is considered as a pocketed ball if as a result of an otherwise legal shot, it drops off the bed of the table into the pocket and remains there. (A ball that drops out of a ball return system onto the floor is not to be construed as a ball that has not remained pocketed.) A ball that rebounds from a pocket back onto the table bed is not a pocketed ball.
10. POSITION OF BALLS. The position of a ball is judged by where its base (or center) rests.
11. FOOT ON FLOOR. It is a foul if a player shoots when at least one foot is not in contact with the floor. Foot attire must be normal in regard to size, shape and manner in which it is worn.
12. SHOOTING WITH BALLS IN MOTION. It is a foul if a player shoots while the cue ball or any object ball is in motion (a spinning ball is in motion).
13. COMPLETION OF STROKE. A stroke is not complete (and therefore is not counted) until all balls on the table have become motionless after the stroke (a spinning ball is in motion).
14. HEAD STRING DEFINED. The area behind the head string does not include the head string. Thus an object ball that is dead center on the head string is playable when specific game rules require that a player must shoot at a ball past the head string. Likewise, the cue ball when being put in play behind the head string (cue ball in hand behind the head string), may not be placed directly on the head string; it must be behind it.
15. GENERAL RULE, ALL FOULS. Though the penalties for fouls differ from game to game, the following apply to all fouls: (1) player's inning ends; (2) if on a stroke, the stroke is invalid and any pocketed balls are not counted to the shooter's credit; and (3) any ball(s) is respotted only if the rules of the specific game require it.
16. FAILURE TO CONTACT OBJECT BALL. It is a foul if on a stroke the cue ball fails to make contact with any legal object ball first. Playing away from a touching ball does not constitute having hit that ball.
17. LEGAL SHOT. Unless otherwise stated in a specific game rule, a player must cause the cue ball to contact a legal object ball and then (1) pocket a numbered ball, or (2) cause the cue ball or any numbered ball to contact a cushion. Failure to meet these requirements is a foul.
18. CUE BALL SCRATCH. It is a foul (scratch) if on a stroke, the cue ball is pocketed. If the cue ball touches an object ball that was already pocketed (for example, in a pocket full of object balls), the shot is a foul.
19. FOULS BY TOUCHING BALLS. It is a foul to strike, touch or in any way make contact with the cue ball in play or any object balls in play with anything (the body, clothing, chalk, mechanical bridge, cue shaft, etc.) EXCEPT the cue tip (while attached to the cue shaft), which may contact the cue ball in the execution of a legal shot. Whenever a referee is presiding over a match, any object ball moved during a standard foul must be returned as closely as possible to its original position as judged by the referee, and the incoming player does not have the option of restoration.
20. FOUL BY PLACEMENT. Touching any object ball with the cue ball while it is in hand is a foul.
21. FOULS BY DOUBLE HITS. If the cue ball is touching the required object ball prior to the shot, the player may shoot towards it, providing that any normal stroke is employed. If the cue stick strikes the cue ball more than once on a shot, or if the cue stick is in contact with the cue ball when or after the cue ball contacts an object ball, the shot is foul. If a third ball is close by, care should be taken not to foul that ball under the first part of this rule.
22. PUSH SHOT FOULS. It is a foul if the cue ball is pushed by the cue tip, with contact being maintained for more than the momentary time commensurate with a stroked shot. (Such shots are usually referred to as push shots.)
23. PLAYER RESPONSIBILITY FOULS. The player is responsible for chalk, bridges, files and any other items or equipment he brings to, uses at, or causes to approximate the table. If he drops a piece of chalk, or knocks off a mechanical bridge head, as examples, he is guilty of a foul should such an object make contact with any ball in play (or the cue ball only if no referee is presiding over the match).
24. ILLEGAL JUMPING OF BALL. It is a foul if a player strikes the cue ball below center ("digs under" it) and intentionally causes it to rise off the bed of the table in an effort to clear an obstructing ball. such jumping action may occasionally occur accidentally, and such "jumps" are not to be considered fouls on their face; they may still be ruled foul strokes, if for example, the ferrule or cue shaft makes contact with the cue ball in the course of the shot.
25. JUMP SHOTS. Unless otherwise stated in rules for a specific game it is legal to cause the cue ball to rise off the bed of the table by elevating the cue stick on the shot, and forcing the cue ball to rebound from the bed of the table. Any miscue when executing a jump shot is a foul.
26. BALLS JUMPED OFF TABLE. Balls coming to rest other than on the bed of the table after a stroke (on the cushion top, rail surface, floor, etc.) are considered jumped balls. Balls may bounce on the cushion tops and rails of the table in play without being jumped balls if they return to the bed of the table
under their own power and without touching anything not a part of the table. The table shall consist of the permanent part of the table proper. (Balls that strike or touch anything not a part of the table, such as the light fixture, chalk on the rails and cushion tops, etc., shall be considered jumped balls even though they might return to the bed of the table after contacting items which are not parts of the table proper).
In all pocket billiard games when a stroke results in the cue ball or any object ball being a jumped ball off the table, the stroke is a foul. All jumped object balls are spotted (except in Nine Ball) when all balls have stopped moving. See specific game rules for putting the cue ball in play after a jumped cue ball foul.
27. SPECIAL INTENTIONAL FOUL PENALTY. The cue ball in play shall not be intentionally struck with anything other than a cue's attached tip (such as the ferrule, shaft, etc.). While such contact is automatically a foul under the provisions of Rule 19., if the referee deems the contact to be intentional, he shall warn the player once during a match that a second violation during that match will result in the loss of the match by forfeiture. If a second violation does occur, the match must be forfeited.
28. ONE FOUL LIMIT. Unless specific game rules dictate otherwise, only one foul is assessed on a player in each inning; if different penalties can apply, the most severe penalty is the factor determining which foul is assessed.
29. BALLS MOVING SPONTANEOUSLY. If a ball shifts, settles, turns or otherwise moves "by itself," the ball shall remain in the position it assumed and play continues. A hanging ball that falls into a pocket "by itself" after being motionless for 5 seconds or longer shall be replaced as closely as possible to its position prior to falling, and play shall continue.
If an object ball drops into a pocket "by itself" as a player shoots at it, so that the cue ball passes over the spot the ball had been on, unable to hit it, the cue ball and object ball are to be replaced to their positions prior to the stroke, and the player may shoot again. Any other object balls disturbed on the stroke are also to be replaced to their original positions before the shooter replays.
30. SPOTTING BALLS. When specific game rules call for spotting balls, they shall be replaced on the table on the long string after the stroke is complete. A single ball is placed on the foot spot; if more than one ball is to be spotted, they are placed on the long string in ascending numerical order, beginning on the foot spot and advancing toward the foot rail.
When balls on or near the foot spot or long string interfere with the spotting of balls, the balls to be spotted are placed on the long string as close as possible to the foot spot without moving the interfering balls. Spotted balls are to be placed as close as possible or frozen (at the referee's discretion) to such interfering balls, except when the cue ball is interfering; balls to be spotted against the cue ball are placed as close as possible without being frozen.
If there is insufficient room on the long string between the foot spot and the foot rail cushion for balls that must be spotted, such balls are then placed on the extension of the long string "in front" of the foot spot (between the foot spot and the center spot), as near as possible to the foot spot and in the same numerical order as if they were spotted "behind" the foot spot (lowest numbered ball closest to the foot spot).
31. JAWED BALLS. If two or more balls are locked between the jaws or sides of the pocket, with one or more suspended in air, the referee shall inspect the balls in position and follow this procedure: he shall visually (or physically if he desires) project each ball directly downward from its locked position; any ball that in his judgment would fall in the pocket if so moved directly downward is a pocketed ball, while any ball that would come to rest on the bed of the table is not pocketed. The balls are then placed according to the referee's assessment, and play continues according to specific game rules as if no locking or jawing of balls had occurred.
32. ADDITIONAL POCKETED BALLS. If extra balls are pocketed on a legal scoring stroke, they are counted in accord with the scoring rules for the particular game.
33. NON-PLAYER INTERFERENCE. If the balls are moved (or a player bumped such that play is directly affected) by a non-player during the match, the balls shall be replaced as near as possible to their original positions immediately prior to the incident, and play shall resume with no penalty on the player affected. If the match is officiated, the referee shall replace the balls. This rule shall also apply to "act of God" interference, such as earthquake, hurricane, light fixture falling, power failure, etc. If the balls cannot be restored to their original positions, replay the game with the original player breaking. This rule is not applicable to 14.1 Continuous where the game consists of successive racks: the rack in progress will be discontinued and a completely new rack will be started with the requirements of the normal opening break (players lag for break). Scoring of points is to be resumed at the score as it stood at the moment of game disruption.
34. BREAKING SUBSEQUENT RACKS. In a match that consists of short rack games, the winner of each game breaks in the next. The following are common options that may be designated by tournament officials in advance: (1) Players alternate break. (2) Loser breaks. (3) Player trailing in games score breaks the next game.
35. PLAY BY INNINGS. During the course of play, players alternate turns (innings) at the table, with a player's inning ending when he either fails to legally pocket a ball, or fouls.
When an inning ends free of a foul, the incoming player accepts the table in position.
36. OBJECT BALL FROZEN TO CUSHION OR CUE BALL. This rule applies to any shot where the cue ball's first contact with a ball is with one that is frozen to a cushion or to the cue ball itself. after the cue ball makes contact with the frozen object ball, the shot must result in either (1) a ball being pocketed, or (2) the cue ball contacting a cushion, or (3) the frozen ball being caused to contact a cushion (not merely rebounding from the cushion it was frozen to), or (4) another object ball being caused to contact a cushion to which it was not already in contact with. Failure to satisfy one of those four requirements is a foul. (Note: 14.1 and other games specify additional requirements and applications of this rule; see specific game rules.)
An object ball is not considered frozen to a rail unless it is examined and announced as such by either the referee or one of the players prior to that object ball being involved in a shot.
37. PLAYING FROM BEHIND THE STRING. When a player has the cue ball in hand behind the string (in the kitchen), he must drive the cue ball to a point outside the kitchen before it contacts either a cushion or an object ball. Failure to do so is a foul if a referee is presiding over a match. If no referee, the opponent has the option to call it either a foul or to require the offending player to replay the shot again with the balls restored to their positions prior to the shot (and with no foul penalty imposed).
Exception: if an object ball lies on or outside the head string (and is thus playable) but so close that the cue ball contacts it before the cue ball is out of the kitchen, the ball can be legally played.
If, with cue ball in hand behind the head string and while the shooter is attempting a legitimate shot, the cue ball accidentally hits a ball behind the head string, and the cue ball crosses the line, it is a foul. If with cue ball in hand behind the head string, the shooter causes the cue ball to accidentally hit an object ball, and the cue ball does not cross the head string, the following applies: the incoming player has the option of calling a foul and having cue ball in hand, or having the balls returned to their original position, and having the offending player replay the shot.
If a player under the same conditions intentionally causes the cue ball to contact an object ball behind the head string, it is unsportsmanlike conduct.
38. CUE BALL IN HAND FOUL. During cue ball in hand placement, the player may use his hand or any part of his cue (including the tip) to position the cue ball. When placing the cue ball in position, any forward stroke motion contacting the cue ball will be a foul, if not a legal shot.
39. INTERFERENCE. If the non shooting player distracts his opponent or interferes with his play, he has fouled. If a player shoots out of turn, or moves any ball except during his inning, it is considered to be interference.
40. DEVICES. Players are not allowed to use a ball, the triangle or any other width-measuring device to see if the cue ball or an object ball would travel through a gap, etc. Only the cue stick may be used as an aid to judge gaps, etc., so long as the cue is held by the hand. To do so otherwise is a foul and unsportsmanlike conduct.
GAME OF VOLLEYBALL
Volleyball is one of the most famous game in India. Volleyball game is a played indoors and outdoors by teams whose members seek to score points in the score points in the hitting a ball back and forth across a net.
It is a famous game can be played in all seasons in all parts of the country - indoor or outdoors to suit the situations and the season. The game consist of vigorous body movements, of speedy jumps and leaps. Those endowed with muscle- molded limbs are an asset to the team. In the matter of techniques, blocking as well as jumps and smashes play a crucial part in Volleyball.
Volleyball was identified by William.G. Morgan in 1895 when he was the physical director for the Y.W.C.A in HOLYOKE, Mass, during World Wars 1st and 2nd, it was popular among U.S. Servicemen, who helped to make it an international Game.
Volleyball was first introduced at the Asian Games in 1958 at Tokyo where India gained the third position and the bronze. Men's Volleyball was included as an event in the world Olympic Games in 1960. The Soviet Union, Italy, Japan, Cuba, Czechoslovokia, Poland, and German Democratic Republic are among the finest teams today.
Field and Equipments
Equipments
Net
The net shall be 1m deep and 9.50m long, placed vertically over the axis of the center line to divide the playing surface into two parts. The height of the net shall be 2.43 meters for men and 2.24 meters for women. The net shall be made of 10cm square dark stitches mesh, with two folds of white canvas 10cm wide; each 5cm fold sewn along the full length of the top of the net. A flexible cable stretches the upper edge of the net and passes inside the band of canvas. A flexible antennae 1.8m long shall extend 80cm the net. They are set 20cm outside the markers. Each antennae shall be 10mm in diameter fiberglass with contrasting colour section 10cm long. They indicate when a ball is completely outside the markers.
Ball
The ball shall be spherical, made of a flexible leather case with a bladder inside made of rubber or a similar material. It shall be uniform and light colour and its weight shall be in between 260gm and 280gm. The circumference of the ball shall be 65 to 67cm.
Action and Faults
Service
The service is the act of putting the ball into play by the right back line player, placed in the service zone, who hits the ball with own hand (open or closed) or any part of the arm to begin a rally. During the game the player to serve is determined. When the serving team wins the rally the same player who served before serves again. When the service team commits a fault or its opponents wins the rally, the latter must rotate and the player who moves from right forward to the right back position will serve.
Ball contact
Each time a player touches the ball or is touched by the ball it is considered as a contact for the team. The body including waist and above may be contacted by the ball. During the first contact of a team if the ball is not played overhand with fingers it may contact various parts of the body. The ball can rebounds in all directions, but it should be hit clearly without rest. If the contact of the ball by two opponents at the same time over the net, the ball is still in play and the receiving team can have another three contacts. If a player does not clearly contact the ball or lets it come to a momentary rest it is considered as fault.
Ball at the net
The ball sent into the opponents' court must cross the vertical plane of the net within the crossing space. Except in service a ball sent to the opponents court may touch the net if it passes through the crossing space. A ball driven into the net may be recovered provided it does not touch the floor nor is contacted the fourth time. The team that sends the ball into the opponents' court commits a fault 'Ball out'.
Attack- Hit
The attack-hit is the action of a player to direct the ball towards the opponents court. When the ball is contacted by the blocker or crosses the vertical plane of the net then it is considered as completed. A player commits an attack-hit fault when he hits a ball within the playing space of the opposing team.
Block
Blocking is the action allowed only to front line players (blockers) close to the net to intercept the ball coming from the opponents court. A blocker commits a fault when he blocks outside the antennas and touches the ball in the opponent's space.
Game Faults
These are individual actions or team movements contrary to the rules of the game and they consist of not sending the ball correctly over the net into the opponents court.
There is always a penalty to a fault. Depending upon the case penalty means that the opponent to the team committing the fault gains a point or the right to serve. If two opponents commit a fault simultaneously the penalties cancel each other and a play-over is called.
Game
A Volley ball team consists of a maximum of 12 players. Before entering the playing court the first referee carries out a toss up in the presence of the two team captains. The winner of the toss chooses the court or the right to serve first.
At the time the ball is hit by the server, each team must be within its own court in two lines of 3 players. These lines may be broken. The 3 players along the net are the front line players and the other 3 players are the back line players. Once the ball has been served the players may move about and occupy any position on their own court and free zone.
When the team receiving the serve wins the rally or the opponent commits a fault, it wins the right to serve (side-out) and its players must rotate one position clockwise. The rotation order as recorded on the score sheet at the beginning of each set must remain the same throughout that set.
Scoring
The Set
A game is won when one team leads by two points with a minimum of 15 points. If the score reaches 14-14 it is necessary to play to reach one of the following scores; 16-14, 17-15, 18-16, 19-17 etc.
Match
A match is played in two or three winning sets, i.e. 'best of three' or ' best of five' games by decision of the organizing committee or, in its absence, by agreement of the two parties. All international matches are played to 'best of five' sets.
Points
Only the team that serves scores a point. The serving team wins a point when:
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the ball touches the ground inside the opponents court
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the opponents have played the ball more than three times consecutively
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the opponents have held or pushed the ball
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an opponent reaches under the net and touches the ball or any opposing player when the ball is in play on that side
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an opponent has completely crossed the center line
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at the moment of service the opposing team has committed a fault of position, e.g.. on winning service has not rotated one position clockwise
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a returned ball has crossed or touched the net outside the antennae determining the width of court
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a returned ball goes out of court, passes under the net, touches an object outside the court, is returned by a player aiding himself with any object as a point of support
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an opposing back line player in the attack area has incorrectly returned the ball
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an opponent has received a personal warning
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after a warning from the referee if the opponents have received from their manager, coaches or players, deliberate coaching during the game
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the opponents delay the game in a persistent manner
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the opponents illegally replace a player
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the opponents prolong the interruption of the game for more than half a minute
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the ball has touched an opponent under the belt
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an opponent touches the ball two consecutive times
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an opponent has touched the net
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an opponent has reached over the net to play the ball except to block or to hinder an opponent.
Thursday, December 15, 2011
GAME OF TABLE TENNIS
Table Tennis is one of the popular game in India. Table Tennis is an indoor game based on Tennis, Played with small bats and a ball bounced on a table divided by a net. This game is also known as ping-pong.
The origin of the game is not known, Britain, The united states of America, India and south Africa have each been named as the birth place of this popular sport. In 1921, the ping-pong Association was established in Britain. The name of the association was subsequently changed to Table Tennis Association In 1926. In 1933, the US Table Tennis Association was formed as one of its affiliates.
It was only in 1937, that the Table Tennis Federation of India was formed in KOLKATTA with four State Association affiliated to it. T.D Ranga Ramnujan; 'T.D.R' as he was called played an important role to strenghten the federation. India was not only a founder- member of the International Table Tenis Federation but took part in the inaugral world Championships held in London in 1926. Worls championship was held at Mumbai in 1952 for the first time in Asia.
Field and Equipments
The table shall be rectangular, 2.74 m in length and 1.52m in width. It shall be supported so that its upper surface, termed the playing surface, shall lie in a horizontal plane 76 cm above the floor. It shall be made of any material and shall yield a uniform bounce of not less than 22cm and not more than 25cm when a standard ball is dropped from a height of 30 cm above its surface. The playing surface shall be dark-coloured, preferably dark green and matt with a white line 2cm wide along each edge. The lines at the 1.52 cm edges or ends, shall be termed 'end- lines' and the lines at the 2.74m edges or sides shall be termed 'sides lines'.
For doubles, the playing surface shall be divided into two halves by a white line 3mm broad, running parallel to the side lines, termed the center-line. The center line may be permanently marked in full length on the table and this in no way invalidates the table for Singles play.
Net and its supports
The playing surface shall be divided into two courts of equal size by a net running parallel to the end lines. The net with its suspension, shall be 1.83 mm in length. Its upper part shall be 15.25 cm above the playing surface and its lower part shall be close to the playing surface. It shall be suspended by a cord attached at each end to an upright post 15.25 cm high. The outside limits of each post shall be 15.25 cm outside the side line.
The Racket
The racket may be of any size, shape or weight, but each side shall be uniformly dark coloured and matt. The 
Rules
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If the ball served, in passing over or around the net, touches it or its supports, provided the service be otherwise good or be volleyed by the receiver or his partner.
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If a service be delivered when the receiver or his partner is not ready, provided that a player may not be deemed to be unready if he or his partner attempts to strike at the ball.
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If a player fails to make a good service or a good return or otherwise to comply with the laws due to a disturbance outside the control of the player.
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If it is interrupted, for correction of a mistake in playing order or ends and for application of the expedite system.
The order of Serving, Receiving and Ends
The player or pair who started at one End in a game shall start at the other in the immediately subsequent game and so on until the end of the match. In the last possible game of the match, the players or pairs shall change ends when first either player or pair reaches the score 10.
In singles, after five points, the receiver shall become the server and the server, the receiver and so on until the end of the game or the score 20-20 or until the introduction of the expedite system.
From the score 20-20, or if the game being played under the expedite system, the sequence of serving and receiving shall be the same but each player shall deliver only one service in turn until the end of the game.
The player or pair who served first in a game shall receive first in the immediately subsequent game and so on until the end of the match. In the last possible game of a doubles match, the receiving pair shall alter its order of receiving when first either pair reaches the score 10.
In each game of a doubles match the initial order of receiving shall be opposite. The first five services shall be delivered by the selected partner of the pair who have the right to do so and shall be received by the appropriate partner of the opposing pair. The second five services shall be delivered by the receiver by the partner of the first server. The third five services shall be delivered by the partner of the first server and received by the partner of the first receiver. The fourth five services shall be delivered by the partner of the first receiver and received by the first server. The fifth five services shall be delivered as the first five and so on in sequence until the end of the game or the score 20-20 or until the introduction of the Expedite system.
The Expedite System:
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The expedite system shall come into operation if a game is unfinished after fifteen minute's play, or at any earlier time at the request of both players or pairs.
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If the ball is in play when the time limit is reached, play shall be stopped by the umpire and shall resume with service by the player who served in the rally that was interrupted.
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If the ball is not in play when the time limit is reached, play shall resume with service by the player who received in the immediately preceding rally of the game.
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Thereafter, each player shall serve for one point in turn, until the end of the game and if the receiving player or pair makes thirteen good returns the server shall lose a point.
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Once the Expedite System is introduced it shall remain in operation till the end of the match.
Out of Order of Serving, Receiving and Ends
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If a player serves or receives out of turn play shall be interrupted by the umpire as soon as the error is discovered and shall resume with those players serving and receiving who should be server and receiver respectively at the score that has been reached, according to the sequence established at the beginning of the match, and in doubles, to the order of serving chosen by the pair having the right to serve first in the game which the error is discovered.
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If a player have not changed ends where they should have done so play shall be interrupted by umpire as soon as the error is discovered and shall resume with the players at the ends at which they should be at the score that has been reached according to the sequence established at the start of the match.
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In any circumstances, all points scored before the discovery of an error shall be reckoned.
Game
A match shall consist of the best of three or the best of five games. Play shall be continuous throughout, except that either player or pair is entitled to claim an interval of not more than two minutes duration between successive games.
The choice of ends and the right to serve or receive first in a match shall be decided by toss. The winner of the toss may choose the right to serve or receive first and the loser shall then have the choice of ends and vice versa.
In doubles, the pair who have the right to serve the first five services in any game shall decide which partner shall do so. In the first game of the match the opposing pair shall then decide similarly which shall be the first receiver. In subsequent games the serving pair shall choose their first server and the first receiver will then be established automatically to correspond with the first server.
Service shall begin with the ball resting on the palm of the free hand, which must be stationary, open and flat, with the fingers together and the thumb free. The free hand while in contact with the ball in service shall be above the level of the playing surface and behind the servers end line. The whole of the racket shall be above the level of the playing surface from the last moment at which the ball is stationary on the palm of the free hand until the ball is struck.
The server shall then project the ball upwards within 45 degree of the vertical, by hand only and without imparting spin, so that the ball is visible at all times to the umpire and that it visibly leaves the palm.
As the ball is then visibly descending from the height of its trajectory it shall be struck so that it touches first the server's court and then, passing directly over or around the net, touches the receivers court.
A Rally is the period during which the ball is in play. A Let is a rally of which the result is not scored. A Point is a rally which the result is scored.
A player volleys the ball if he strikes it in play when it has not touched his court since last being struck by his opponent. An umpire and an assistant is appointed to control the match.
Scoring
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If he fails to make a good service.
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If, a good service or a good return having been made by his opponent, he fails to make a good return.
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If, before the ball in play shall have passed over the end lines or side lines not yet having touched the playing surface on his side of the net since being struck by his opponent, it comes in contact with him or anything he wears or carries.
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If he volleys the ball.
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In doubles if any one of the pair strikes the ball out of proper sequence.
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If, under the expedite system, he serves and the receiving player or pair make thirteen or successive good returns.
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If he or his racket or anything that he wears or carries touches the net or its supports or moves the playing surface while the ball is in play.
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If his free hand touches the playing surface while the ball is in play.
Result
A game shall be won by the player or the pair first scoring 21 points, unless both players or pairs shall have scored 20 points, when the winner of the game shall be the player or pair first scoring 2 points more than the opposing player or pair.
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GAME OF LAWN TENNIS
Lawn tennis is one of the important game in India. Lawn Tennis is a game played indoors or outdoors on a rectangular court by two persons (in singles), or by four of the same sex ( Women's and men's double) or by men and women partners (mixed doubles). The players use rackets to strike a ball back and forth across a net. The object is to score points by hitting the ball out of the opponents reach or in such a way that he cannot return it successfully.
The origin of the game is varied and ancient. It was at first a solemn Fertility rite in Egypt and in the Middle East. Another view is that, the term'tennis' is derived from an Egyptian town on the Nile known as Tennis and 'racket' is derived from an Arab word rahat, Records confirm that tennis was played in France in the 12th century at first with the palm of the hand. It was played by monks and later by kings. Because of the enthusiasm , the sport came to be called royal tennis.After 1800, court tennis began to experience a decline and lawn tennis came into being, The game became standardised in 1877.
The game started in India in the late 19th century. The first All India championships in Tennis were held in 1910, in which both men and women took part. India reached the top challenging position in the Davis cup Touranament, a couple of times. Several Indians made an impression on the Tennis court, Sleem, Deane, Ranga rao, S. M. Hadi, E.v.Bobb, P.L. Mehata, Brooke Edwards and Balagopalan were among thenpioneers of Indian Tennis. Among women, Leila Rao, Jenny Sanderson, Kusum Mehta and Khanum Haji were the celebrated stars.
Ramanathan Krishnan with naresh Kumar was a great force in the doubles, winning the National and the Asian Championships a number of times. The Amritraj brothers- Vijay and Anand proved to be among the best pairs in doubles.
Mahesh Bhupati and Leander paes became the first doubles team to reach four Grand Slam Finals. They won French Open and Wimbledon.
Game
The maximum number of sets in a match shall be 5 for men and 3 for women. A set usually consist of six games. But it shall be extended where necessary.
The choice of sides and the right to be Server or Receiver in the first game shall be decided by toss. The players shall stand on opposite sides of the net; the player who first delivers the ball shall be called the Server and the other the Receiver.
In doubles game, the order of serving shall be decided at the beginning of each set. The pair who has to serve in the first game of each set shall decide which partner shall do so and the opposing pair shall decide similarly for the second game. The partner of the player who served in the first game shall serve in the third. The partner of the player who served in the second game shall serve in the fourth and so in the same order in all subsequent games of a set.
At the end of the first game the receiver shall become the server and so on alternately in all the subsequent games of a match. If a player serves out of turn, the player who ought to have served shall serve as soon as the mistake is discovered but all the points scored before such discovery shall be reckoned. If a game shall have been completed before such discovery, the order of the service remains as altered. A fault served before such discovery shall not be reckoned.
The player shall change ends at the end of the first, third and every subsequent alternate game of each set.
Let
The service is a let;
1) If the ball served touches the net, strap or band and is otherwise good 2) or after touching the net, strap or band, touches the receiver or anything which he wears or carries, before hitting the ground 3) if a service or a fault be delivered when the receiver is not ready.
In case of a let, that particular service shall not count and the server shall serve again but a service let does not annual a previous fault.
Fault
A service is said to be fault if,
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the ball is not delivered properly
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the server changes his position by walking or running during the delivery of the service
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the server touches any area other than that behind the base line within the imaginary extension of the centre mark and side line with either foot
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the server misses the ball in attempting to strike it
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if the ball served touches a permanent fixture (other than the net, strap or band) before it hits the ground.
In doubles game in addition to this, the service is a fault if the ball touches the server's partner or anything which he wears or carries.
If a fault occurred for the first time during the service, the server shall serve again from behind the same half of the court from which he served that fault.
ScoringThe Server wins the point
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if the ball served, not being a let, touches the receiver or anything which he wears or carries, before it hits the ground
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if the receiver loses the point
The Receiver wins the point
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if the server serves two consecutive faults
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if the server loses the point
If the ball in play touches a permanent fixture (other than the net, posts, singles sticks, cord or metal cable, strap or band) after it has hit the ground, the player who struck it, wins the point;
If the ball in play touches a permanent fixture (other than the net, posts, singles sticks, cord or metal cable, strap or band) before it hits the ground his opponent wins the point.
In a doubles game, if the ball served touches the partner of the receiver or anything which he wears or carries, before it hits the ground, the server wins the point. The ball shall be struck alternately by one or other player of the opposing pair and if a player touches the ball in play with his racket in contravention of this rule, his opponents wins the point.
A player loses the point if
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he fails to return the ball in play directly over the net, before it hits the ground twice consecutively
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he returns the ball in play so that it hits the ground, a permanent fixture or other object, outside any of the lines which bound his opponents court
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he volleys the ball and fails to make a good return even when standing outside the court
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he touches or strikes the ball in play with his racket more than once in making a stroke
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he or his racket or anything which he wears or carries, touches the net, posts, cord or metal cable, strap or band or the ground within his opponents court at any time while the ball is in play
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he volleys the ball before it has passed the net
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the ball in play touches him or anything that he wears or carries, except his rackets or hands
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he throws his racket and the racket hits the ball
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a player deliberately and materially change the shape of the racket during the game
Result
If the player wins his first point, the score is called 15 for that player. On winning his second point, the score is called 30 for that player. On winning his third point the score is called 40 for that player and the fourth point won by the player who's score is 40 will win the game.
If both the players have won three points, the score is called Deuce and the next point won by a player is scored Advantage for that player. If the same player wins the next point, he wins the game. If the other player wins the next point the score is again called Deuce and so on, until the player wins the two points immediately following the score at deuce, when the game is scored for that player.
A player (or players) who first wins six games wins a Set, except that he must win by a margin of two games over his opponent and where necessary a Set shall be extended until this margin be achieved.
Field And Equipments
The lines bounding the ends and sides of the court shall be called the Base-lines and the Side-lines. On each side of the net, at a distance of 21feet from it and parallel with it, shall be drawn the Service line.
The space on each side of the net between the service-line and the side-line shall be divided into two equal parts called the Service-courts, by the center service line which must be 2 inches in width, drawn, half-way between the parallel with the side-lines. Each base-line shall be bisected by an imaginary continuation of the center service-line to a line 4 inches in length and 2 inches in width called the Center mark, drawn inside the court, at right angles to and in contact with such base-lines. All other lines shall be not less than 1 inch nor more than 2 inches in width, expect the base-line, which may be 4 inches in width and all measurements shall be made to the outside of the lines.
In the Doubles Game, the measurement of the field is same as in the Singles Game except the width. The width of the court shall be 36ft i.e. 4 1/2 feet wider on each side than the court for the Singles Game.
Equipments
Ball
The diameter of the ball shall be in between 2 1/2 inch and 2 5/8 inches and its weight is in between 2 and 2 1/16 oun
Racket
The hitting surface of the racket shall be flat and consist of a pattern of crossed strings connected to a frame and alternately interlaced or bounded where they cross and the stringing pattern shall be generally uniform. The frame of the racket shall not exceed 32 inches including the handle and 12 1/2 inches in over all width.
Court Officials
In matches where an Umpire is appointed, his decision shall be final; but where a Referee is appointed, an appeal shall can be made to him against the decision of an umpire on a question of law and in all such cases the decision of the referee shall be final.
In matches where assistants to the Umpire are appointed (linesmen, net-cord judges, foot fault judges) their decisions shall be final on questions of fact except that if in the opinion of an Umpire a clear mistake has been made he shall have the right to change the decision of an assistant or order a 'let' to be played. When such an assistant is unable to give a decision he shall indicate this immediately to the Umpire who shall give a decision. When an umpire is unable to give a decision on a question of fact he shall order a 'let' to be played.
In Davis Cup matches or other team competitions where Referee is on court, any decision can be changed by the Referee, who may also instruct an Umpire to order a 'let' to be played.
The Referee, in his discretion, may at any time postpone a match on account of darkness or the condition of the ground or the weather. In any case of postponement the previous score and previous occupancy of courts shall hold good, unless the Referee and the players unanimously agree otherwise.
Wednesday, December 14, 2011
GAME OF KABADDI
KABADDI
Kabaddi is one of the very popular game inIndia. Kabaddi is India rural villages very popular game. Kabaddi is an Indian game which requires both power and skill for its play. It was known by various names in various places, For example, CHEDUGUDU or HU-TU-TU in Souhern parts of India, HADUDU(Men), CHU KIT-KIT (Women) In Eastern India and KABADDI in northern India. It is a simple and inexpensive game and doesn't require a big playing area or any playing equipment. Regular kabaddi tournaments are held throughout the country.
Field of play
The play ground of the Kabaddi shall be level and soft preferably made of earth, manure and sawdust. The ground shall be 121/2 meters cross 10 meters. For women and Juniors the measurement shall be 11 meters cross 8 meters.The mid line drawn divides the play ground into two courts. There shall be strip of one meter wide on each side of the playfield, which is called Lobby. In each half, at a distance of about 3 meters from the mid-line and parallel to it lines of the full width of ground shall be drawn. These are Baulk lines.
Rules
A player shall be out if any part of his body touches the ground outside the boundary but during the struggle a player shall not be out if any part of his body touches directly the ground or a player who is inside the boundary. If any player goes out of the boundary during the course of play he shall be out. The umpire or referee shall declare such player out by shouting his number.
If an anti or anti's who have gone out of bounds hold a raider, the raider shall be declared not out. The anti who have gone out of bounds will only be declared out.
When a side sends more than one raider at a time, a warning shall be given by the umpire or referee and if in spite of the warning, it continues to do so, the umpire or referee shall declare all the raiders out except the first one.
If a raider, while in the opponent's court, loses his cant he shall be out.
No anti shall willfully push the raider out of the boundary by any part of his (anti's) body, nor any raider shall willfully push or pull an anti or anti's out of the boundary. If the raider is pushed outside the boundary or the anti is pushed or pulled outside the boundary, the umpire or referee shall declare the raider or the anti as not out and the anti or the raider who pushes out, pulls the opponents outside the boundary shall be declared out.
As long as a raider has not reached his court, none of the anti's shall touch the ground of the raiders court, beyond the midline with any part of his body. If he does so, he shall be out. If an anti or anti's who are out, holds a raider or have violated the said rule while holding or helping to hold the raider, the raider shall be declared not out and the anti or anti's who touched the raider's court shall be declared out.
A raider or an anti is not to be held by any part of his body deliberately other than his limb or trunk. The one who violates the rule first shall be declared out. The umpire or referee shall declare such raider not out.
Game
Kabaddi is a game of 2 teams of 12 players each, where one team becomes the raiders and the other team anti raiders. Seven players shall take the ground at a time and the remaining five players shall be reserved. The raider has to go to the opposing court with the continuous clear sound recitation aloud of the word 'Kabaddi' without stopping to take a breath and should try to touch an anti raider and make him out. The duration of a match for men shall be 2 halves of 20 minutes each. For women and juniors there will be 2 halves of the duration of 15 minutes each. There shall be an interval of 5 minutes between both the halves.The side that wins the toss shall have the choice of the court or the raid. In the second half, the court shall be changed and the side which had not sent their raider first shall send their raider first. The game in the second half shall continue with the same number of players as it was at the end of the first half.
A maximum of three players can be substitutes with the permission of the referee during the duration of the game. Doping is not allowed. Raids must be closely paired. The players shall be properly numbered at their back and front. Use of oil or any other substance on the body is not allowed. A player shall not be allowed to use any metallic substance.
Scoring
The side that scores the highest number of points when the play ends shall be the winning team. Each side shall score one point for every opponent put out. The side which scores a 'lona' shall score two points extra. (When a team manages to put out the entire opponent team and no one of the opponents is entitled to be revived, they shall score a 'lona' and two points shall be awarded in addition to the points scored by putting out individual players).If there is a tie, two extra periods of five minutes each shall be played immediately. The game in the extra periods will continue with the same number of players as it was at the end of the second half. The team which scores the first leading point shall be declared the winner if a tie occurs at the end of the complete game.
The play continues and all the players of both sides enter their respective courts within ten seconds, otherwise the umpire or referee shall award one point to the opponents and thereafter, if the team does not enter the court, the umpire or referee shall award one point for every five seconds. Thus the game continues till the end of the play.
When only one or two players of a team are left during the game and the captain of the team declares them out in order to bring in the full team, the opponents shall score as many points as there were players just before declaring, as well as two points for 'lona'.
If the raider, even after a warning starts the 'cant' late and is not keeping the cant, the umpire or referee shall declare his turn over and award one point to the opponents.
If a raider goes out of turn, the umpire or referee shall order him to go back and warn him. If in the opinion of the umpire or referee, such entry is being made persistently, he may award one point to the opponent.
If a raider is warned against any dangerous play or is in any way instructed by one of his own side, the umpire or referee shall award one point to the opponent. If in three consecutive raids by a side no points is scored by either side, the opponents will get a point. The referee shall record in the running score sheet by cutting the number with a cross mark "X". The counts of such unproductive raids shall be carried over upto the end of game and to extra time also.
Rules of Game
CantThe continuous clear sounding recitation aloud of the approved word 'Kabaddi' within the course of one respiration shall be called cant.
One who enters the court of the opponent with the cant is known as a raider. The raider must begin his cant before he touches the opponent's court.
Anti-raider or anti
Every player of the party in whose court the raid is being made shall be called an anti-raider or anti.
Raid
When the raider enter the court of the opponent with cant, it is known as a raid.
Successful raid
When the raider crosses the baulk line of the defending team at least once during the course of a raid and reaches his court with cant, it is known as a successful raid.
Struggle
When a raider touches an anti or an anti touches a raider, the struggle begins.
Losing the cant
To stop the continuous and clear sounding chant of the word 'Kabaddi' or to take breath during a cant is known as losing the cant. A cant must be started and continued within one and the same respiration.
To put out an anti
If a raider touches an anti without the breach of the rules of play or if any part of the body an anti touches any part of the body of the raider and then the raider touches his court with the cant, the anti is said to be put out.
To hold a raider
If the anti's or anti hold without breach of rules of play and keep the raider in their court and do not allow him to reach his court until he loses his cant, it is known as holding the raider.
To reach court safely
If the raider after crossing the midline touches his court with any part of his body without breach of rules of play and with cant he is said to have reached his court safely.