Volleyball is one of the most famous game in India. Volleyball game is a played indoors and outdoors by teams whose members seek to score points in the score points in the hitting a ball back and forth across a net.
It is a famous game can be played in all seasons in all parts of the country - indoor or outdoors to suit the situations and the season. The game consist of vigorous body movements, of speedy jumps and leaps. Those endowed with muscle- molded limbs are an asset to the team. In the matter of techniques, blocking as well as jumps and smashes play a crucial part in Volleyball.
Volleyball was identified by William.G. Morgan in 1895 when he was the physical director for the Y.W.C.A in HOLYOKE, Mass, during World Wars 1st and 2nd, it was popular among U.S. Servicemen, who helped to make it an international Game.
Volleyball was first introduced at the Asian Games in 1958 at Tokyo where India gained the third position and the bronze. Men's Volleyball was included as an event in the world Olympic Games in 1960. The Soviet Union, Italy, Japan, Cuba, Czechoslovokia, Poland, and German Democratic Republic are among the finest teams today.
Field and Equipments
Equipments
Net
The net shall be 1m deep and 9.50m long, placed vertically over the axis of the center line to divide the playing surface into two parts. The height of the net shall be 2.43 meters for men and 2.24 meters for women. The net shall be made of 10cm square dark stitches mesh, with two folds of white canvas 10cm wide; each 5cm fold sewn along the full length of the top of the net. A flexible cable stretches the upper edge of the net and passes inside the band of canvas. A flexible antennae 1.8m long shall extend 80cm the net. They are set 20cm outside the markers. Each antennae shall be 10mm in diameter fiberglass with contrasting colour section 10cm long. They indicate when a ball is completely outside the markers.
Ball
The ball shall be spherical, made of a flexible leather case with a bladder inside made of rubber or a similar material. It shall be uniform and light colour and its weight shall be in between 260gm and 280gm. The circumference of the ball shall be 65 to 67cm.
Action and Faults
Service
The service is the act of putting the ball into play by the right back line player, placed in the service zone, who hits the ball with own hand (open or closed) or any part of the arm to begin a rally. During the game the player to serve is determined. When the serving team wins the rally the same player who served before serves again. When the service team commits a fault or its opponents wins the rally, the latter must rotate and the player who moves from right forward to the right back position will serve.
Ball contact
Each time a player touches the ball or is touched by the ball it is considered as a contact for the team. The body including waist and above may be contacted by the ball. During the first contact of a team if the ball is not played overhand with fingers it may contact various parts of the body. The ball can rebounds in all directions, but it should be hit clearly without rest. If the contact of the ball by two opponents at the same time over the net, the ball is still in play and the receiving team can have another three contacts. If a player does not clearly contact the ball or lets it come to a momentary rest it is considered as fault.
Ball at the net
The ball sent into the opponents' court must cross the vertical plane of the net within the crossing space. Except in service a ball sent to the opponents court may touch the net if it passes through the crossing space. A ball driven into the net may be recovered provided it does not touch the floor nor is contacted the fourth time. The team that sends the ball into the opponents' court commits a fault 'Ball out'.
Attack- Hit
The attack-hit is the action of a player to direct the ball towards the opponents court. When the ball is contacted by the blocker or crosses the vertical plane of the net then it is considered as completed. A player commits an attack-hit fault when he hits a ball within the playing space of the opposing team.
Block
Blocking is the action allowed only to front line players (blockers) close to the net to intercept the ball coming from the opponents court. A blocker commits a fault when he blocks outside the antennas and touches the ball in the opponent's space.
Game Faults
These are individual actions or team movements contrary to the rules of the game and they consist of not sending the ball correctly over the net into the opponents court.
There is always a penalty to a fault. Depending upon the case penalty means that the opponent to the team committing the fault gains a point or the right to serve. If two opponents commit a fault simultaneously the penalties cancel each other and a play-over is called.
Game
A Volley ball team consists of a maximum of 12 players. Before entering the playing court the first referee carries out a toss up in the presence of the two team captains. The winner of the toss chooses the court or the right to serve first.
At the time the ball is hit by the server, each team must be within its own court in two lines of 3 players. These lines may be broken. The 3 players along the net are the front line players and the other 3 players are the back line players. Once the ball has been served the players may move about and occupy any position on their own court and free zone.
When the team receiving the serve wins the rally or the opponent commits a fault, it wins the right to serve (side-out) and its players must rotate one position clockwise. The rotation order as recorded on the score sheet at the beginning of each set must remain the same throughout that set.
Scoring
The Set
A game is won when one team leads by two points with a minimum of 15 points. If the score reaches 14-14 it is necessary to play to reach one of the following scores; 16-14, 17-15, 18-16, 19-17 etc.
Match
A match is played in two or three winning sets, i.e. 'best of three' or ' best of five' games by decision of the organizing committee or, in its absence, by agreement of the two parties. All international matches are played to 'best of five' sets.
Points
Only the team that serves scores a point. The serving team wins a point when:
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the ball touches the ground inside the opponents court
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the opponents have played the ball more than three times consecutively
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the opponents have held or pushed the ball
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an opponent reaches under the net and touches the ball or any opposing player when the ball is in play on that side
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an opponent has completely crossed the center line
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at the moment of service the opposing team has committed a fault of position, e.g.. on winning service has not rotated one position clockwise
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a returned ball has crossed or touched the net outside the antennae determining the width of court
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a returned ball goes out of court, passes under the net, touches an object outside the court, is returned by a player aiding himself with any object as a point of support
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an opposing back line player in the attack area has incorrectly returned the ball
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an opponent has received a personal warning
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after a warning from the referee if the opponents have received from their manager, coaches or players, deliberate coaching during the game
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the opponents delay the game in a persistent manner
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the opponents illegally replace a player
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the opponents prolong the interruption of the game for more than half a minute
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the ball has touched an opponent under the belt
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an opponent touches the ball two consecutive times
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an opponent has touched the net
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an opponent has reached over the net to play the ball except to block or to hinder an opponent.
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